The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.